The 1940’s Housing Shortage
Sometimes described in the post-war years as `the housing shortage’, the Australian effort to address a very serious problem has over the years come to be called `the housing boom’. Undoubtedly it was a boom in demand and activity. There was also a marked increase in home ownership, achieved in many cases through dogged individual effort and years of sacrifice.
Changing social attitudes offered new opportunities, but also narrowed the options. Emphasis in state housing plans was at first on rental accommodation; later there was a swing toward the sale of affordable housing. At a time when various factors had cut the availability of rental accommodation, governments, banks, finance companies, building societies and housing co-operatives were offering greater opportunities for home ownership. Ironically this was at a time of a rise in construction costs.
Top on the list of factors linked to rising construction costs were the introduction in 1948 of the 40-hour working week, and steep increases in the cost of building materials. By 1948 an employer had to pay an unskilled building worker a higher wage than a tradesperson had received in early 1946.
To keep both labourer and tradie productively employed the builder needed a continuous flow of materials which was a rare occurrence during this period. A shortage of skilled workers also meant lower quality building and further loss of time.
Contract prices were loaded with an increasing profit margin as an insurance against unseen circumstances. Under commonwealth price control, builders were entitled to a 10 per cent `profit’ on the contract price. Above award payments were not recognised in price control and yet builders often found a need to pay above award salaries to ensure building completion.
Unexpected costs could happen when, for example, timber flooring was suddenly out of stock, and a higher price would then have to be paid for imported flooring material.
With locally made cement taking forever to turn up, a truckload from interstate was sometimes purchased at nearly three times the price. When compared to 1939 prices timber flooring material had, by 1948, doubled in value. Cement had risen by almost 20 per cent and terracotta roofing tiles by more than 25 per cent. A gallon of first-grade paint costing around 30s ($3) in 1939 had risen by 40 per cent by 1948.
When added to rising costs and shortages of materials the government restrictions, limiting the area of a new house to 1200 square feet (111.48 square metres) for a timber house and 1250 square feet (116.12 square metres) for a brick house, completed the recipe for an imposed economy.
The economical floor plan was necessary; cost-saving and limitations on area made large single-purpose rooms a luxury. Verandahs and wide open porches were deleted, reducing the shade at the front of the house to the absolute minimum. Ceiling heights had been slowly reduced from the turn of the century and were now usually nine feet (2745 mm). Until the government construction restrictions were lifted in 1952 the acceptance of no-nonsense functionalism was as much an imposed state as it was a fashionable philosophy. This was the era of the great Australian Dream.
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